List of English irregular verbs

This is a list of irregular verbs in the English language. The citation form (the infinitive) comes first (with a link to the Wiktionary article on the verb), together with the present tense forms when they are different, then the preterite or simple past, and finally the past participle. The right hand column notes whether they are weak or strong and whether they belong to a subclass, and links to discussions elsewhere. Typical irregularities in weak verbs are the assimilation of dentals (bended → bent) and vowel reduction (*keeped → kept).

Some of these verbs are irregular in British or American English only; in many cases, such as spell (spelt vs. spelled), learn (learnt vs. learned), and spill (spilt vs. spilled), American English uses the regular form, while British English tends to favor the irregular. In other cases, the opposite is true (dived and sneaked in Britain, also dove and snuck in America); Australian English, New Zealand English, and South African English tend to follow the British practice, while Canadian English often sides with the American usage. See further at American and British English differences. In this table, the preferred or more common usage is generally listed first, though for some words, the usage is nearly equal for the two choices.

There are no English verbs with an irregular present participle.

Contents 1 All irregular verbs 2 Special categories 2.1 Present tense irregular verbs 2.2 Verbs with preterite identical to present 2.3 Multisyllable irregular verbs not directly based on single-syllable irregular verbs 2.4 Form-changing verbs 3 See also 4 External links

All irregular verbs

This table includes selected archaic forms (marked *).

Verbs marked † have an irregular present tense (see #Present tense irregular verbs)

Verb forms	Verb class and notes
awake – awoke – awoken	Strong, class 6
be † was – been	Suppletive. See: Indo-European copula.
bear – bore – born/borne forbear – forbore – forborne *misbear – misbore – misborne overbear – overbore – overborne underbear – underbore – underborne	Strong, class 4
beat – beat – beaten/beat browbeat – browbeat – browbeaten	Strong, class 7
become – became – become misbecome – misbecame – misbecome	Strong, class 4
beget – begot/*begat – begotten/begot misbeget – misbegot – misbegotten/misbegot	Strong, class 5
begin – began – begun	Strong, class 3
bend – bent/bended – bent/bended overbend – overbent – overbent unbend – unbent – unbent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
beseech – beseeched/besought – beseeched/besought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
bet – bet/betted – bet/betted underbet – underbet – underbet	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bid (in playing cards, auctions, etc.) – bid – bid outbid – outbid – outbid overbid – overbid – overbid rebid – rebid – rebid underbid – underbid – underbid	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bid (meaning to request or say) – bade/bid/bidded – bidden/bid/bidded	Strong, class 5
bide – bided/bode – bided/bidden abide – abided/*abode – abided/*abidden	Strong, class 1
bind – bound – bound unbind – unbound – unbound underbind – underbound – underbound	Strong, class 3
bite – bit – bitten	Strong, class 1
bleed – bled – bled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
bless – blessed/blest – blessed/blest	Weak with assimilation of dentals
blow – blew – blown overblow – overblew – overblown	Strong, class 7
break – broke – broken outbreak – outbroke – outbroken rebreak – rebroke – rebroken	Strong, class 4
breed – bred – bred inbreed – inbred – inbred interbreed – interbred – interbred overbreed – overbred – overbred	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
bring – brought – brought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
build – built – built overbuild – overbuilt – overbuilt rebuild – rebuilt – rebuilt underbuild – underbuilt – underbuilt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
burn – burned/burnt – burnt/burned	Weak with assimilation of dentals
burst – burst/bursted – burst/bursted/busted	Strong, class 3
buy – bought – bought/*boughten overbuy – overbought – overbought underbuy – underbought – underbought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
can (auxiliary verb only) – could – (none)	Preterite-present, defective
cast – cast – cast broadcast – broadcast – broadcast downcast – downcast – downcast forecast – forecast – forecast miscast – miscast – miscast overcast – overcast – overcast podcast – podcast – podcast precast – precast – precast recast – recast – recast simulcast – simulcast – simulcast telecast – telecast – telecast typecast – typecast – typecast undercast – undercast – undercast upcast – upcast – upcast webcast – webcast – webcast	Weak with assimilation of dentals
catch – caught – caught	Weak – a French loanword conjugated perhaps by analogy with teach-taught
choose – chose – chosen mischoose – mischose – mischosen	Strong, class 2
cleave (split apart) – clove – cloven/cleft	Strong, class 2
*cleave (cling to) – cleft/cleaved – cleft/cleaved	Weak with vowel reduction
*clepe – cleped/clept – cleped/clept	Weak with assimilation of dentals
cling – clung – clung	Strong, class 3
clothe – clothed/clad – clothed/clad overclothe – overclothed/overclad – overclothed/overclad unclothe – unclothed/unclad – unclothed/unclad underclothe – underclothed/underclad – underclothed/underclad	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
come – came – come misbecome – misbecame – misbecome overcome – overcame – overcome	Strong, class 4
cost (the intransitive sense) – cost – cost	Weak with assimilation of dentals
creep – crept – crept	Strong, class 2
crow – crowed/crew – crowed
cut – cut – cut clearcut – clearcut – clearcut crosscut – crosscut – crosscut intercut – intercut – intercut recut – recut – recut undercut – undercut – undercut	Weak with assimilation of dentals
deal – dealt – dealt misdeal – misdealt – misdealt redeal – redealt – redealt	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
dig – dug – dug underdig – underdug – underdug
dive – dived/dove – dived	Weak with a naturally developing strong past tense
do † – did – done *fordo – fordid – fordone misdo – misdid – misdone outdo – outdid – outdone overdo – overdid – overdone redo redid – redone undo – undid – undone underdo – underdid – underdone	Reduplication with past participle springing from OE "gedon"
drag – drug/dragged – drug/dragged	Strong, class 6
draw – drew – drawn outdraw – outdrew – outdrawn overdraw – overdrew – overdrawn redraw – redrew – redrawn underdraw – underdrew – underdrawn withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn	Strong, class 6
dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
dress dressed/*drest dressed/*drest overdress overdressed overdressed underdress underdressed underdressed undress undressed undressed	Weak with assimilation of dentals
drink – drank – drunk/drank outdrink – outdrank – outdrunk overdrink – overdrank – overdrunk	Strong, class 3
drive – drove – driven overdrive – overdrove – overdriven test-drive – test-drove – test-driven	Strong, class 1
dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled	Weak with assimilation of dentals
eat – ate – eaten overeat – overate – overeaten undereat – underate – undereaten	Strong, class 5
fall – fell – fallen befall – befell – befallen *misbefall – misbefell – misbefallen *misfall – misfell – misfallen	Strong, class 7
feed – fed – fed breastfeed – breastfed – breastfed force-feed – force-fed – force-fed hand-feed – hand-fed – hand-fed misfeed – misfed – misfed overfeed – overfed – overfed self-feed – self-fed – self-fed spoonfeed – spoonfed – spoonfed underfeed – underfed – underfed	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
feel – felt – felt	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
fight – fought – fought	Strong, class 3
find – found – found refind – refound – refound	Strong, class 3
fit - fit/fitted - fit/fitted misfit - misfit/misfitted - misfit/misfitted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
flee – fled – fled	Strong, class 2
fling – flung – flung	Strong, class 3
fly - flew - flown outfly - outflew - outflown overfly - overflew - overflown test-fly - test-flew - test-flown	Strong, class 2
forbid - forbade/forbid - forbidden	Strong, class 5
forget - forgot - forgotten	Strong, class 5
*forlese - forlore - forlorn
forsake - forsook - forsaken	Strong, class 6
freeze - froze - frozen refreeze - refroze - refrozen unfreeze - unfroze - unfrozen	Strong, class 2
get – got – gotten/got misget – misgot – misgotten *overget – overgot – overgotten *underget – undergot – undergotten	Strong, class 5
gild - gilded/gilt - gilded/gilt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
*gird - girt/girded - girt/girded undergird - undergirt/undergirded - undergirt/undergirded	Weak with assimilation of dentals
give - gave - given forgive - forgave - forgiven misgive - misgave - misgiven	Strong, class 5
go - went - gone bego - bewent - begone forego - forewent - foregone forgo - forwent - forgone undergo - underwent - undergone *withgo - withwent - withgone	Suppletive. See: go (verb).
*grave - grove/graved - graven/graved	Strong, class 6
grind - ground/grinded - ground	Strong, class 3
grow - grew - grown outgrow outgrew outgrown overgrow overgrew overgrown regrow regrew regrown undergrow undergrew undergrown upgrow upgrew upgrown	Strong, class 7
hang - hung/hanged - hung/hanged overhang - overhung - overhung underhang - underhung - underhung uphang - uphung - uphung	Strong, class 7 weak past tense and present influenced by OE causative "hangian"
have † - had - had	Weak pret. and past participle spring from O.E. haefd
hear - heard - heard mishear misheard misheard overhear overheard overheard unhear unheard unheard	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
heave – heaved/hove – heaved/hove/hoven upheave – upheaved/uphove – upheaved/uphove/uphoven
hew - hew/hewed - hewn/hewed *underhew - underhewed - underhewn/underhewed	Strong, class 7
hide - hid - hidden	Weak vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
hit - hit - hit mishit - mishit - mishit overhit - overhit - overhit underhit - underhit - underhit	Weak with assimilation of dentals
hoise – hoist – hoist
hold - held - held behold - beheld - beheld inhold - inheld - inheld mishold - misheld - misheld uphold - upheld - upheld withhold - withheld - withheld	Strong, class 7
hurt – hurt – hurt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
keep - kept - kept miskeep – miskept – miskept underkeep - underkept - underkept	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
*ken – kenned/kent – kenned/kent misken – miskenned/miskent – miskenned/miskent
kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
know - knew - known *acknow – acknew – acknown foreknow – foreknew – foreknown misknow – misknew – misknown	Strong, class 7
lade - laded - laden/laded overlade - overladed - overladen/overladed	Strong, class 6
laugh - laughed/*laught - laughed/*laught
lay - laid - laid *forelay – forelaid – forelaid *forlay – forlaid – forlaid inlay - inlaid - inlaid mislay - mislaid - mislaid outlay - outlaid - outlaid overlay - overlaid - overlaid re-lay - re-laid - re-laid underlay - underlaid - underlaid uplay - uplaid - uplaid waylay – waylaid – waylaid	Weak;
lead – led – led belead – beled – beled mislead – misled – misled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lean - leaned/leant - leaned/leant	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt outleap – outleaped/outleapt – outleaped/outleapt	Strong, class 7
learn - learned/learnt - learned/learnt mislearn – mislearned/mislearnt - mislearned/mislearnt unlearn - unlearned/unlearnt - unlearned/unlearnt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
leave - left - left *forleave forleft forleft/forlaft	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lend – lent – lent *forlend – forlent – forlent	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
let (allow) – let – let *forlet – forlet – forlet sublet – sublet – sublet *underlet – underlet – underlet	Strong, class 7
lie (posture) – lay – lain *forelie – forelay – forelain *forlie – forlay – forlain overlie – overlay – overlain underlie – underlay – underlain	Strong, class 5
light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted backlight - backlit/backlighted - backlit/backlighted green-light - green-lit/green-lighted - green-lit/green-lighted relight - relit/relighted - relit/relighted	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lose - lost - lost	Strong, class 2
make – made – made remake – remade – remade unmake – unmade – unmade	Weak contraction of "maked"
may – might – (none)	Preterite-present, defective
mean - meant - meant	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
meet - met - met	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
melt - melted/*molt - melted/*molten	Strong, class 3
mow - mowed - mowed/mown	Strong, class 7
pay - paid - paid overpay overpaid overpaid prepay prepaid prepaid repay repaid repaid underpay underpaid underpaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling, but not in pronunciation
pen - penned/pent - penned/pent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
plead - pleaded/pled - pleaded/pled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
prove - proved - proved/proven	borrowed French verb
put - put - put input - input - input output - output - output	Weak with assimilation of dentals
*queath or quethe – quoth – quoth/quethen bequeath – bequeathed/bequoth – bequoth/bequethen	Strong, class 5
quit – quit – quit	Weak with assimilation of dentals
reach – *raught/reached – *raught/reached
read – read – read lipread – lipread – lipread misread – misread – misread proofread – proofread – proofread reread – reread – reread	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals; irregular in pronunciation
*reave – reft – reft bereave – bereaved/bereft – bereaved/bereft	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
rend - rent - rent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
rid - rid/ridded - rid/ridden/ridded
ride – rode – ridden outride – outrode – outridden override – overrode – overridden	Strong, class 1
ring - rang - rung	Strong, class 3
rise - rose - risen arise - arose - arisen uprise - uprose - uprisen	Strong, class 1
*rive - rived/rove - rived/riven	Strong, class 1
run - ran - run *forerun - foreran - forerun outrun - outran - outrun overrun - overran - overrun rerun - reran - rerun underrun - underran - underrun	Strong, class 3
*sake - sook - saken	Strong, class 6
saw - sawed - sawed/sawn
say † – said – said *forsay – forsaid – forsaid *gainsay – gainsaid – gainsaid missay – missaid – missaid *naysay – naysaid – naysaid *withsay – withsaid – withsaid	Weak
see – saw – seen *besee – *besaw – *beseen foresee – foresaw – foreseen missee – missaw – misseen oversee – oversaw – overseen undersee – undersaw – underseen	Strong, class 5
seek – sought – sought beseek – besought – besought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
seethe - seethed/*sod - seethed/*sodden
sell – sold – sold outsell – outsold – outsold oversell – oversold – oversold resell – resold – resold undersell – undersold – undersold upsell – upsold – upsold	Weak with Rückumlaut
send - sent - sent missend - missent - missent resend - resent - resent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
set – set – set beset – beset – beset handset – handset – handset inset – inset – inset misset – misset – misset *overset – overset – overset preset – preset – preset reset - reset - reset upset - upset - upset *withset – withset – withset	Weak
sew – sewed – sewed/sewn handsew – handsewed – handsewed/handsewn oversew – oversewed – oversewed/oversewn
shake - shook - shaken overshake overshook overshaken	Strong, class 6
shall – should – (none)	Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
shape – shaped – shapen/shaped *forshape – forshaped – forshapen/forshaped misshape – misshaped – misshapen/misshaped
shave - shove/shaved - shaven/shaved	Strong, class 6
shear - shore/sheared - shorn/sheared	Strong, class 4
shed - shed - shed	Strong, class 7
shine - shined/shone - shined/shone *beshine beshone beshone outshine outshined/outshone outshined/outshone overshine overshined/overshone overshined/overshone	Strong, class 1
shit - shit/shat/shitted - shit/shat/shitted	Strong, class 1;
*shite - shit/shat - shit/shat/shitten	Strong, class 1
shoe - shoed/shod - shoed/shod/shodden	Weak with vowel reduction
shoot - shot - shot misshoot misshot misshot overshoot overshot overshot reshoot reshot reshot undershoot undershot undershot	Strong, class 2
show - showed - shown/showed reshow - reshowed - reshown/reshowed	Weak, with participle shown perhaps by analogy with sow, sown
shrink - shrank/shrunk - shrunk/shrunken overshrink - overshrank/overshrunk - overshrunk/overshrunken	Strong, class 3
*shrive - shrove - shriven	Strong, class 1
shut - shut - shut	Weak
sing - sang - sung resing - resang - resung	Strong, class 3
sink - sank/sunk - sunk/sunken	Strong, class 3
sit - sat - sat/*sitten babysit - babysat - babysat *withsit - withsat - withsat/*withsitten	Strong, class 5
slay - slew/slayed - slain/slayed	Strong, class 6
sleep – slept – slept oversleep – overslept – overslept undersleep – underslept – underslept	Strong, class 7
slide – slid – slid/slidden backslide – backslid – backslid overslide – overslid – overslid/overslidden	Strong, class 1
sling - slung/slang - slung	Strong, class 3
slink - slunk - slunk	Strong, class 3
slip - slipped/*slipt - slipped/*slipt overslip overslipped/overslipt overslipped/overslipt
slit – slit – slit	Strong, class 1
smell - smelled/smelt - smelled/smelt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
*smite – smote/*smit – smitten	Strong, class 1
sneak – sneaked/*snuck – sneaked/snuck	Weak with s naturally-developing strong form
sow – sowed/sew – sowed/sown	Strong, class 7
speak – spoke/*spake – spoken/spoke *bespeak – bespoke – bespoken *forespeak – forespoke – forespoken *forspeak – forspoke – forspoken misspeak – misspoke – misspoken	Strong, class 5
speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt misspell – misspelled/misspelt – misspelled/misspelt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spend – spent – spent *forspend – forspent – forspent misspend – misspent – misspent outspend – outspent – outspent overspend – overspent – overspent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spill - spilled/spilt - spilled/spilt overspill* overspilled/overspilt overspilled/overspilt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spin – span/spun – spun	strong, class 3
spit – spit/spat – spit
split – split – split	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spoil - spoiled/spoilt - spoiled/spoilt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spread - spread - spread *bespread bespread bespread	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spring – sprang/sprung – sprung handspring – handsprang – handsprung	Strong, class 3
stand – stood – stood misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood understand – understood – understood upstand – upstood – upstood withstand – withstood – withstood	Strong, class 6
stay – stayed/*staid – stayed/*staid
steal – stole – stolen	Strong, class 4
stick – stuck – stuck
sting – stung/stang – stung	Strong, class 3
stink - stank/stunk - stunk	Strong, class 3
stave - stove/staved - stove/staved
strew - strew/strewed - strewn/strewed
stride – strode/strided – stridden/strided outstride – outstrode – outstridden overstride – overstrode – overstridden	Strong, class 1
strike - struck - stricken/struck overstrike - overstruck - overstruck	Strong, class 1
string – strang/strung – strung hamstring – hamstrung – hamstrung overstring – overstrung – overstrung	Weak with a naturally-developing strong form
strive - strove/strived - striven/strived outstrive - outstrove - outstriven overstrive - overstrove - overstriven	Strong, class 1
swear - swore - sworn forswear forswore forsworn outswear outswore outsworn	Strong, class 6
sweat - sweat/sweated - sweat/sweated
sweep - swept - swept upsweep upswept upswept	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
swell - swelled/swole - swelled/swollen upswell - upswelled - upswelled/upswollen	Strong, class 3
*swelt - swolt/swelted - swolten/swelted	Strong, class 3
swim – swam – swum	Strong, class 3
swing – swung/swang – swung/*swungen overswing – overswung – overswung	Strong, class 3
take – took – taken betake – betook – betaken mistake – mistook – mistaken overtake – overtook – overtaken partake – partook – partaken retake – retook – retaken undertake – undertook – undertaken *uptake – uptakeed/uptook – uptaken	Strong, class 6
teach – taught – taught	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
tear – tore – torn uptear – uptore – uptorn	Strong, class 4
tell – told – told foretell – foretold – foretold retell – retold – retold *outtell – outtold – outtold	Weak with Rückumlaut
think – thought – thought outthink – outthought – outthought rethink – rethought – rethought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
thrive – thrived/throve – thrived/thriven	Strong, class 1
throw – threw – thrown misthrow – misthrew – misthrown outthrow – outthrew – outthrown overthrow – overthrew – overthrown underthrow – underthrew – underthrown upthrow – upthrew – upthrown	Strong, class 7
thrust – thrust/thrusted – thrust/thrusted outthrust – outthrust – outthrust
tread – trod – trodden/trod retread – retrod – retrodden/retrod	Strong, class 5
wake – woke – woken	Strong, class 6
wax – waxed – waxed/waxen	Strong, class 7
wear – wore – worn *forwear – forwore – forworn outwear – outwore – outworn overwear – overwore – overworn	Weak with strong form based on "bear"
weave – weaved/wove – woven interweave – interwove – interwoven unweave – unwove – unwoven	Strong, class 7
wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded rewed – rewed/rewedded – rewed/rewedded	Weak with assimilation of dentals
weep – wept – wept *beweep – bewept – bewept	Strong, class 7
wend – wended/*went – wended/*went	weak with assimilation of dentals
wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted overwet – overwet/overwetted – overwet/overwetted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
will (auxiliary verb only) – would – (none)	Preterite-present, defective; see also Shall and will
win – won – won	Strong, class 3
wind – wound – wound rewind – rewound – rewound unwind – unwound – unwound	Strong, class 3
work - worked/*wrought - worked/*wrought overwork - overworked/*overwrought - overworked/*overwrought	Weak with Rückumlaut and metathesis of r and o
*worth - *worth/*worthed - *worth/*worthed/*worthen	Strong, class 3
wreak – wreaked/wrack – wreaked/wreaken/*wroken
wring – wrang/wrung – wrung	Strong, class 3
write - wrote/*writ - written ghostwrite - ghostwrote - ghostwritten miswrite - miswrote - miswritten overwrite - overwrote - overwritten rewrite - rewrote - rewritten underwrite - underwrote - underwritten	Strong, class 1
writhe – writhed/*wrothe – writhed/*writhen	Strong, class 1

Special categories

Present tense irregular verbs

Though the list of verbs irregular in the preterite or past participle is long, the list of irregular present tense verbs is very short. Excepting modal verbs like "shall", "will", and "can" that do not inflect at all in the present tense, there are only four (only two if pronunciation is ignored):

• have: I have, you have, he has, we have, they have.
• say (and compounds such as "gainsay" and "naysay"): I say, you say, he says, we say, they say where "says" is pronounced /ˈsɛz/ in contrast to /ˈseɪ/, the pronunciation of the infinitive and the other present tense forms.
• do (and compounds such as "undo" and "redo"): I do, you do, he does, we do, they do where "does" is pronounced /ˈdʌz/ in contrast to /ˈduː/, the pronunciation of the infinitive and the other present tense forms.
• be: I am, you are, he is, we are, they are.

Verbs with preterite identical to present

These verbs from the list above are spelled the same in the simple past as in the present tense (excluding compounds such as set, beset, inset, upset etc.): beat, bet, burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, quit, read, set, shed, shut, slit, split, spread. (Note that of all the preceding, only "read" is pronounced differently in the past tense from the present tense.) In addition, the following verbs optionally have a past tense the same as the present tense: bid, fit, knit, rid, shit, spit, sweat, thrust, wed, wet. Furthermore, all these verbs that have mandatory or optional past tense the same as present tense also have a (sometimes optional) past participle that is identical to the present tense.

Multisyllable irregular verbs not directly based on single-syllable irregular verbs

There are only three multisyllable irregular verbs whose meaning cannot be analyzed on the basis of the meaning of an affix and the meaning of a single-syllable irregular verb to which it is attached. These are begin - began - begun, beseech - besought - besought, and forsake - forsook - forsaken. (Of these, beseech comes from Old English besēcan (“to seek or inquire about”), which was equivalent to be- +‎ seek, but the meaning has since evolved away from that of seek.)

Form-changing verbs

There are only two suppletive verbs — verbs that change their form entirely between the infinitive, present, past, and past participle: to go with go - went - gone; and to be with am/is/are - was/were - been.

See also

• Wiktionary list of irregular verbs
• Wiktionary English irregular verbs category.

External links

• Mind Our English: Strong and weak by Ralph Berry
• Verbs in English Grammar, wikibook
• English Irregular Verb List A comprehensive list of English irregular verbs, including their base form, past simple, past participle, 3rd person singular, and the present participle / gerund.
• TheIrregularVerbs All the irregular verbs of the English language. Conjugation, pronunciation, translation and examples.
• verbbusters Searchable reference of English irregular verbs and cognates, with audio.